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A torque converter is a fluid coupling that is utilized so as to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, which is an internal combustion engine or as electrical motor, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is like a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanized clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter could provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque whenever there is a substantial difference between input and output rotational speed.
The fluid coupling model is actually the most popular type of torque converter used in automobile transmissions. In the 1920's there were pendulum-based torque or also called Constantinesco converter. There are different mechanical designs utilized for continuously variable transmissions that can multiply torque. Like for example, the Variomatic is a kind which has a belt drive and expanding pulleys.
A fluid coupling is a 2 element drive which could not multiply torque. A torque converter has an added part that is the stator. This alters the drive's characteristics throughout occasions of high slippage and produces an increase in torque output.
Within a torque converter, there are at least of three rotating parts: the turbine, to be able to drive the load, the impeller which is driven mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator. The stator is between the turbine and the impeller so that it can alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Usually, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be prevented from rotating under whatever situation and this is where the word stator begins from. In truth, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design prevents the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still permitting forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been modifications which have been incorporated at times. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is needed, modifications to the modifications have proven to be worthy. Most commonly, these adjustments have taken the form of multiple stators and turbines. Each and every set has been designed to generate differing amounts of torque multiplication. Various examples comprise the Dynaflow that makes use of a five element converter so as to produce the wide range of torque multiplication required to propel a heavy vehicle.
Although it is not strictly a component of classic torque converter design, various automotive converters include a lock-up clutch in order to reduce heat and to be able to improve cruising power transmission efficiency. The application of the clutch locks the turbine to the impeller. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical which eliminates losses connected with fluid drive.
