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The base of the tower crane is generally bolted to a large concrete pad that provides very necessary support. The base is connected to a mast or a tower and stabilizes the crane that is attached to the inside of the structure of the building. Often, this attachment point is to a concrete lift or to an elevator shaft.
The mast of the crane is often a triangulated lattice structure which measures 0.9m2 or 10 feet square. Attached to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit consists of a gear and a motor that allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or 265 feet. The maximum lifting capacity of a tower crane is 16,642 kilograms or 39,690 pounds with counter weights of 20 tons. In addition, two limit switches are utilized in order to ensure the driver does not overload the crane. There is even another safety feature called a load moment switch to make certain that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the maximum reach of a tower crane is seventy meters or 230 feet.
Because of their extreme heights, there is a science involved to erecting a crane. The stationary structure would first need to be brought to the construction location by utilizing a huge tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machinery part of the jib and the crane. These parts are then attached to the mast. The mobile crane next adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes could be a few of the other industrial equipment which is usually used to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height is able to match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is referred to as a climbing frame or a top climber that fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew so as to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit is able to detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are utilized to adjust the slewing unit up an extra 6.1m or twenty feet. Then, the crane driver utilizes the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast part piece.
Using a Standard Counterbalance Forklift
1 Carry out a pre-shift check prior to using the equipment. Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines state that a pre-shift checklist should be carried out at the start of every work shift. Each different machinery as well as its attachments has its own checklist listing emergency brakes, lights, brakes, steering, horn, controls and safety features.
2 Start up the equipment and check controls. Primarily make sure that your seatbelt is fastened and the seat is securely in place and adjusted for your comfort. Look under the machine after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of every kind of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation compared to a regular motor vehicle. The rear end swing of the forklift happens because of the fact that the truck steers utilizing its rear wheels. Forgetting this information is a major cause of injuries and accidents to workers. The almost 90-degree turn from the front wheels should be made with utmost care. These top-heavy machinery have a high center of gravity even without a load. When transporting or lifting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 Keep forks near the ground when traveling. Use caution when approaching loads. Be certain the forks line up properly with the pallet. Lift the load only as high as is needed, tilting it back to help stabilize the machine. Only drive backwards if the load is very big that it obstructs driver vision.
5 Prior to unloading and loading, check the wheels on trailers/trucks. When lifting a load, it is not advised to travel on inclines. The equipment is prone to tip-overs on a slope. When driving on a slope is necessary, always drive up the incline and back down. The load must be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The driver must be firmly in control at all times. The primary reason for operator injuries is tip-over. The driver should never try to jump out of the truck in case of a tip-over. The safest approach is to lean away from the direction of fall while gripping the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
